Photobluing/whitening-resistant cosmetic/dermatological compositions comprising TiO2 pigments and deformable hollow particulates

ABSTRACT

Topically applicable cosmetic/sunscreen/dermatological compositions, well suited for improved photoprotection of human skin and/or hair against the damaging effects of UV-A and UV-B irradiation and/or for the therapeutic treatment of a disease state of the skin or mucosae, essentially in the absence of photobluing/whitening, comprise at least one titanium dioxide (nano)pigment and an effective photobluing/whitening-reducing amount of deformable hollow particulates (microspheres) having a particle size ranging from 1 μm to 250 μm and which comprise an expanded copolymer of vinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile and a (meth)acrylate.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO COMPANION APPLICATION

Copending application Serial No. 08/678,416 Attorney Docket No.016800-099!, filed concurrently herewith and assigned to the assigneehereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to the formulation of particulardeformable hollow particles into cosmetic and/or dermatologicalcompositions containing titanium dioxide (nano)pigments, to reduce thephotobluing initiated by the presence of said pigments and/or thewhitening usually occurring when this type of composition is topicallyapplied onto human skin. Such hollow particles exhibit a particle sizeranging from 1 μm to 250 μm and comprise an expanded copolymer ofvinylidene chloride, a (meth)acrylate and acrylonitrile.

The compositions according to the invention may, in particular, betopically applied for protecting the skin and hair against light, in theform of sunscreen compositions, as well as for makeup, care and hygieneof the skin, of the face, of the human body including the scalp and themucosae, the hair and, lastly, for the therapeutic treatment of the skinand of the mucosae. Thus, the compositions of the invention may comprisean oil-in-water emulsion, a water-in-oil emulsion, a care cream orlotion, a balm, a blusher, a fluid or cast foundation, or adermopharmaceutical ointment.

2. Description of the Prior Art

It is known to this art that light radiation of wavelengths of from 280nm to 400 nm promote tanning of the human epidermis and that irradiationwith wavelengths between 280 nm and 320 nm, i.e., UV-B irradiation,causes erythemas and skin burns which impair the development of thenatural tan; hence, this UV-B radiation must thus be screened or blockedfrom the skin.

It is also known to this art that UV-A radiation, of wavelengths of from320 nm to 400 nm, which tans the skin, also adversely affects it,especially in the case of sensitive skin or skin which is constantlyexposed to solar radiation. In particular, UV-A irradiation causes aloss in skin elasticity and promotes the appearance of wrinkles,resulting in premature aging. Such irradiation promotes triggering ofthe erythematous reaction or amplifies this reaction in certainindividuals, and may even be the source of phototoxic or photoallergicreactions. Thus, it is desirable to also screen out UV-A radiation.

A wide variety of sunscreens, inorganic pigments and organic screeningagents, exist on the market for screening out UV-A and UV-B radiations.These sunscreens must be capable of absorbing or blocking the harmfulrays of the sun, while at the same time remaining innocuous to the user.

Thus, many organic sunscreens capable of absorbing harmful UVirradiation more or less selectively are known to the cosmetics art. Fora variety of reasons, however, these screening agents are not entirelysatisfactory.

Accordingly, it is increasingly sought to avoid the use of these organicscreening agents by favoring the use of inorganic pigments, which alsoact as sunscreens, principally by scattering/reflecting the UV, whilecontributing greater safety for the user.

In this respect, the inorganic pigment most widely employed to date istitanium dioxide, the screening or blocking properties of which are wellknown to this art.

In order to attain suitable protection factors, however, it is necessaryto formulate high percentages of TiO₂, in particular higher than 5% byweight, into the sunscreen compositions.

However, with such amounts of TiO₂, compositions containing thesepigments exhibit instability to light in an oxygen-free medium, which ismanifested by the appearance of a blue coloration (photocoloring knownas photobluing). Also, the appearance of whitening when thesecompositions are applied to the skin is observed. These two phenomenaare obviously not desirable from an aesthetic standpoint.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It has now surprisingly and unexpectedly been determined thatformulating deformable hollow particulates having a particular densityand particle size into a composition containing TiO₂ pigmentssignificantly reduces the photobluing and whitening phenomenaintrinsically associated with such composition.

In addition to the reduction in the photobluing and whitening phenomena,the subject particulates also impart softness and homogeneity onapplication, as well as greater spreadability.

Briefly, the present invention features formulating deformable hollowparticulates into cosmetic and/or dermatological compositions containingTiO₂ pigments, for reducing or eliminating the photobluing attributed tothe presence of said pigments and/or the whitening when suchcompositions are applied to skin; the subject hollow particles have aparticle size ranging from 1 μm to 250 μm and comprise an expandedcopolymer of vinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile and methyl(meth)acrylate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF BEST MODE AND SPECIFIC/PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OFTHE INVENTION

More particularly according to the present invention, by the term"deformable" is intended that the particles are flexible and resilientor elastic; after crushing they resume their initial shape.

The subject particulates generally have a particle size ranging from 1μm to 250 μm.

The subject particulates advantageously have a particle size less than100 μm. Indeed, the finer the particles, the "softer" the composition iswhen topically applied. The particles preferably have a particle sizeranging from 10 μm to 60 μm.

The particles advantageously have a density ranging from 15 kg/m³ to 200kg/m³ and, preferably, greater than 40 kg/m³ and/or lower than 100 kg/m³and, more preferably, ranging from 60 kg/M³ to 80 kg/m³.

Exemplary copolymers comprise from 1% to 60% of recurring structuralunits derived from vinylidene chloride, from 20% to 90% of recurringstructural units derived from acrylonitrile and from 1% to 50% ofrecurring structural units derived from an acrylic monomer, the sum ofthe percentages (by weight) being equal to 100. The acrylic monomer maybe, for example, a methyl acrylate or methacrylate and, in particular,the methacrylate. These particles are especially in the dry or hydratedstate.

This copolymer is nontoxic and non-irritating to the skin.

The particles, or beads, are preferably in the form of microspheres.

The particles of the invention may be prepared, for example, accordingto the processes described in EP-56,219, EP-348,372, EP-486,080,EP-320,473, EP-112,807 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,615,972.

The internal cavity of the subject particulates contains a gas which maybe air, nitrogen or a hydrocarbon like isobutane or isopentane.

The hollow particles which are useful according to the inventioninclude, in particular, those marketed under the trademark Expancel byNobel Casco, such as Expancel 551 DE 20 of 30 μm particle size andhaving a density of approximately 65 kg/m³, and Expancel 551 DE 50 of 40μm particle size.

In the compositions of the invention, from 0.1% to 10% by weight ofparticles and, advantageously, from 0.3% to 5% by weight and, moreadvantageously, from 0.3% to 2% by weight, is preferably incorporatedtherein, relative to the total weight of the composition.

One of the essential characteristics of the compositions according tothe present invention is the inclusion of titanium dioxide pigments. Thepigments of this invention are known titanium dioxide pigments,typically employed in the field of cosmetics as fillers or sunscreens,which may either be treated or untreated. Such pigments include thetitanium dioxide nanopigments. By the term "nanopigments" are intendedpigments in which the average size of the elementary particles rangesfrom 5 to 100 nm.

The titanium dioxide may be in rutile, anatase or amorphous form, but ispreferably in the rutile and/or anatase form.

The treated pigments may, for example, be surface treated with alumina,silica, aluminum compounds, silicon compounds, sodium compounds, ironoxides, iron esters, stearic acid or glycerin.

More particularly, exemplary treated pigments include:

(1) silica and alumina, such as the products "Microtitanium Dioxide MT500 SA" and "Microtitanium Dioxide MT 100 SA" marketed by Tayca, and theproducts "Tioveil Fin", "Tioveil OP", "Tioveil MOTG" and "Tioveil IPM"marketed by Tioxide,

(2) alumina and aluminum stearate, such as the product "MicrotitaniumDioxide MT 100 T" marketed by Tayca,

(3) alumina and aluminum laurate, such as the product "MicrotitaniumDioxide MT 100 S" marketed by Tayca,

(4) iron oxides and iron stearate, such as the product "MicrotitaniumDioxide MT 100 F" marketed by Tayca,

(5) silica, alumina and silicone, such as the products "MicrotitaniumDioxide MT 100 SAS," "Microtitanium Dioxide MT 600 SAS" and"Microtitanium Dioxide MT 500 SAS" marketed by Tayca,

(6) sodium hexametaphosphate, such as the product "Microtitanium DioxideMT 150 W" marketed by Tayca,

(7) octyltrimethoxysilane, such as the product "T-805" marketed byDegussa,

(8) alumina and stearic acid, such as the product "UVT-M160" marketed byKemira,

(9) alumina and glycerin, such as the product "UVT-M212" marketed byKemira, and

(10) alumina and silicone, such as the product "UVT-M262" marketed byKemira.

The untreated titanium dioxides include for example, those marketed byTayca under the trademark "Microtitanium Dioxide MT 500 B" and"Microtitanium Dioxide MT 600 B."

The titanium dioxide (nano)pigment(s) may be incorporated in thecompositions according to the invention in a proportion ranging from 1%to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition,preferably from 2% to 25% by weight relative to the total weight of thecomposition.

According to the present invention, relatively large amounts of TiO₂,can be incorporated without difficulty or disadvantage, in particularamounts greater than 5% by weight or, or even greater than 10% byweight, or, still further, greater than 15% by weight. Too, thesehigh-TiO₂ compositions do not exhibit the photobluing drawback indicatedabove.

The other constituents that may be formulated into the compositions ofthe invention, in particular the oils, the waxy compounds, thethickeners, the emulsifiers and the gelling agents, are those that areconventionally employed in the cosmetics and/or dermatology arts.

By the term "oil" is intended a compound that is liquid at ambienttemperature. By the term "wax" is intended a compound that is solid orsubstantially solid at ambient temperature and whose melting point isgenerally higher than 35° C.

Oils that are exemplary are the mineral oils (vaseline), plant andvegetable oils (sweet almond, macadamia, currant seed oil), syntheticoils such as perhydrosqualene; fatty alcohols, acids or esters (octylpalmitate, isopropyl lanolate and triglycerides including those ofcapric/caprylic acids); oxyethylenated or oxypropylenated fatty esters;and ethers; silicone oils (cyclomethicone, polydimethyl-siloxanes orPDMS) or fluorinated oils; and polyalkylenes.

Waxy compounds which are exemplary are jojoba oil, paraffin wax,carnauba wax, beeswax and hydrogenated castor oil.

Exemplary emulsifiers include the esters of fatty acids and polyethyleneglycol (PEG), the esters of fatty acids and of glycerol (glycerylstearate) or the esters of fatty acids and sugar (sorbitan stearate), aswell as the polyoxyethylenated or polyoxypropylenated derivativesthereof, cyclomethicones and dimethicone copolyols, anionic surfactants(K or Na alkyl phosphate) and polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols.Polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols are preferably employed, such asoxypropylenated butyl alcohols, oxyethylenated caprylyl alcohols andoxyethylenated cetyl alcohols.

Thickeners which may be formulated include crosslinked polyacrylicacids, guar gums and optionally modified celluloses, such ashydroxypropylated guar gum, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose.

Gelling agents which are representative are modified clays (bentones),metal salts of fatty acids (aluminum stearate), ethylene/acrylatecopolymers, silicas, polyethylenes, calcium silicates or ethylcellulose.

The compositions of the present invention may also contain variousingredients, additives and adjunants conventionally employed in thecosmetic, dermatological or dermopharmaceutical arts, such as colorantsand pigments other than titanium dioxides, solvents (water, alcohols,etc.), preservatives, perfumes, hydrating agents, agents absorbingultraviolet rays (sunscreens, inorganic pigments other than titaniumdioxides), pulverulent agents other than the deformable hollowparticles, bactericidal agents and/or odor-absorbers.

Too, the subject compositions may contain one or more hydrophilic and,more preferably, lipophilic, cosmetic or dermatological active agents,especially with a view to treating and/or preventing skin afflictionssuch as acne, mycosis, eczema, rosacea, seborrhoeic dermatitis,heliodermatitis, skin aging and disease states affecting the scalp.These compositions for skin treatment are topically administered.

The compositions of the invention may be formulated according totechniques which are well known to a this art, in particular thoseintended for the preparation of emulsions of oil-in-water orwater-in-oil type.

The subject compositions may, in particular, be formulated as emulsions,simple or complex (O/W, W/O, O/W/O or W/O/W), in such form as a cream, amilk, a gel, a lotion, an ointment or a cream gel, a powder, or as asolid stick, and may optionally be packaged as an aerosol and may beprovided in the form of a foam or spray.

This invention is particularly well suited for the formulation ofcompositions of the anhydrous type, especially anhydrous creams.

In order to further illustrate the present invention and the advantagesthereof, the following specific examples are given, it being understoodthat same are intended only as illustrative and in nowise limitative.

In said examples to follow, comparative tests were carried out toevidence the improvement attained in respect of the photobluing andwhitening on skin by incorporating deformable hollow microspheres of anexpanded copolymer of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile, orvinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile and methacrylate, into compositionscontaining titanium dioxide pigments.

EXAMPLE 1

An anhydrous composition was formulated, containing a certain percentagex of Expancel and 20% of titanium dioxide, in an anhydrous vehiclecomprising a polyalkoxylated fatty alcohol (oxypropylenated butylalcohol), a fatty substance from the ester family (isopropyl palmitate),a wax whose melting point ranged from 60° to 80° C. (hydrogenated castoroil), a thickening fatty substance (glycerol monostearate) and an oil(hydrogenated polydecene).

Five different compositions A, B, C, D and E were thus prepared, withthe content x varying from 0% to 2%.

For these five compositions, the photobluing was evaluated according tothe following procedure: the compositions were introduced into plasticboxes which were transparent to UV (50×40×6 cm³ crystaline polystyreneboxes) and exposed to UV irradiation (Heraeus Suntest CPS) for 1 hour.Colorimetric measurements were performed using a Minolta CM1000colorimeter; a first measurement was taken just before the exposure tothe UV irradiation (T₀) and a second after one hour of exposure to theUV irradiation (T₁ H).

The results are expressed in the (L, a, b) system, in which L representsthe luminance, a represents the red-green axis (-a=green, +a=red) and brepresents the yellow-blue axis (-b=blue, +b=yellow).

To evaluate the photobluing, the values of interest are Δb, whichmeasures the change in the blue coloration, ΔL, which measures theblackening of the composition, and ΔE, which measures the total colorchange. More precisely, Δb and ΔL are defined by Δb=b_(T1H) -b_(T) 0 andΔL=L_(T1H) -L_(T0). The lower the Δb, the more effective is theprotection against photobluing.

ΔE is calculated from the variations ΔL, Δa and Δb according to thefollowing formula: ##EQU1##

The results obtained are reported in the following Table (I):

                  TABLE (I)    ______________________________________    Formula       x %    ΔL  Δb                                        ΔE    ______________________________________    A (comparative)                  0     10.7       7.7  13.60    B             0.2   8.0        4.45 9.55    C             0.5   3.15       0.27 3.30    D             1     4.6        0.95 4.80    E             2     2.75       0.14 2.80    ______________________________________

These results clearly evidence that the incorporation of deformablehollow microspheres of an expanded copolymer of vinylidene chloride andacrylonitrile, or vinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile and methacrylate,into an anhydrous composition comprising a titanium dioxidesignificantly decreased the photobluing due to the presence of saidtitanium dioxide.

EXAMPLE 2

The five anhydrous compositions A, B, C, D and E of Example 1 were againtested and the whitening observed when these compositions were appliedonto skin was evaluated.

For this evaluation of whitening, tests were carried out on five models.The intensity of the whitening (Iw) was measured on a scale graduatedfrom 0 to 5. The value 0 corresponds to a very whitening composition,whereas the value 5 corresponds to a composition that whitens only veryslightly.

The results obtained are reported in the following Table (II):

                  TABLE (II)    ______________________________________    Formula            x %    Iw    ______________________________________    A (Comparative)    0      2    B                  0.2    2.9    C                  0.5    2.8    D                  1      3.6    E                  2      3.7    ______________________________________

These results clearly evidence that the incorporation of deformablehollow microspheres of an expanded copolymer of vinylidene chloride andacrylonitrile, or of vinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile andmethacrylate, into a composition comprising a titanium dioxidesignificantly decreased the whitening of the composition when it wasapplied onto skin.

EXAMPLE 3

Three oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing a certain percentage x ofExpancel and 20% of titanium oxide and with the following formulationwere prepared (the amounts are given in % by weight relative to thetotal weight of the composition):

Phase A:

(i) expanded microspheres of vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer, containing isobutane, marketed under thetrademark "Expancel 551 DE" by Nobel Casto x %

(ii) cetylstearyl alcohol oxyethylenated with 12 EO, marketed under thetrademark "Eumulgin B1" by Henkel (emulsifier) 3.3%

(iii) glycerol monostearate marketed under the trademark "Tegin 90" byGoldschmidt (emulsifier) 1.7%

(iv) dicaprylyl ether marketed under the trademark "Cetiol OE" by Henkel(oil) 17.5%

(v) cyclohexadimethylsiloxane marketed under the trademark "Dow Corning246 Fluid" by Dow Corning (oil) 5.6%

Phase B:

(vi) titanium dioxide marketed under the trademark "MT 100T" by Tayca(pigment) 20%

Phase C:

(vii) hydroxyethyl cellulose marketed under the trademark "Natrosol 250HHR" by Aqualon (thickener) 0.5%

(viii) xanthan gum marketed under the trademark "Keltrol T" by Kelco(thickener) 0.4%

Phase D

(ix) hydrating agents 15%

(x) preservatives q.s.

Phase E:

(xi) purified water q.s. 100%

The emulsions were prepared as follows: Phase A was heated to 90° C.Half the phase E and the phase D, both preheated to 90° C., were thenadded thereto and mixed with stirring to produce the emulsion. Phase Bwas added with stirring and then phase C, dispersed beforehand in theother half of Phase E. Cooling was continued to ambient temperature.

Three different OW emulsions 1, 2 and 3 were thus prepared, the contentx varying from 0% to 1%.

Three water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions containing a certain percentage x ofExpancel and 20% of titanium dioxide, and of the following formulationwere also prepared (the amounts are given in % by weight relative to thetotal weight of the composition):

Phase Al:

(i) expanded microspheres of vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer containing isobutane, marketed under thetrademark "Expancel 551 DE" by Nobel Casto x %

(ii) oxyethylenated polydimethyl/methyl cetyl/methylsiloxane marketedunder the trademark "Abil EM 90 D" by Goldschmidt (emulsifier) 2%

(iii) isoarachidyl neopentanoate marketed under the trademark "Elefac1205" by Bernel (oil) 10%

(iv) 2,2,4,4,6,6,8-heptamethylnonane marketed under the trademark"Isohexadecane" by Bayer (oil) 10%

(v) natural beeswax marketed by Barlocher 1.5%

(vi) "Cero 20 EG 626" marketed by Barlocher (wax/thickener) 1%

Phase A2:

(vii) titanium dioxide marketed under the trademark "MT 100T" by Tayca(pigment) 20%

Phase B:

(viii) sodium chloride 2%

(ix) magnesium sulfate 0.7%

(x) hydrating agents 12%

Phase C:

(xi) purified water q.s. 100%

These emulsions were prepared as follows: phase A1 was heated to 80° C.and then phase A2 was added with stirring. Phase C and B were thenheated to 80° C. Phase A1, A2, C and B were then mixed with stirring andthe cooling was continued to ambient temperature.

Three different W/O emulsions 4, 5 and 6 were thus prepared, the contentx varying from 0% to 1%.

The procedure for evaluating the photobluing was the same as in Example1.

The results obtained are reported in the following Table (III), whereinΔb, ΔL and ΔE are as defined in Example 1:

                  TABLE (III)    ______________________________________    Emulsion     x %    ΔL   Δb                                        ΔE    ______________________________________    1 (O/W)      0      24.05      16.55                                        29.70    comparative    2 (O/W)      0.5    15.50      9.65 18.75    invention    3 (O/W)      1      12.85      8.85 16.10    invention    4 (W/0)      1      22.80      18.00                                        29.65    comparative    5 (W/O)      0.5    18.30      13.65                                        23.45    invention    6 (W/O)      1      16.60      12.65                                        21.55    invention    ______________________________________

These results clearly evidence that the introduction of deformablehollow microspheres of an expanded copolymer of vinylidene chloride andacrylonitrile, or of vinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile andmethacrylate, into an O/W or W/O emulsion containing a titanium dioxidesignificantly decreased the photobluing due to the presence of saidtitanium dioxide.

EXAMPLE 4

The following composition is a specific example of a high-protectionanhydrous sun cream in accordance with the invention. The amounts areexpressed in % by weight relative to the total weight of thecomposition:

Phase A:

(i) butyl alcohol oxypropylenated with 14 PO, marketed under thetrademark "Ucon Fluid AP" by Amerchol (emulsifier) 12%

(ii) isopropyl palmitate marketed under the trademark "Estol 1517" byUnichema 12%

(iii) hydrogenated castor oil marketed under the trademark "Cutina HR"by Henkel 7.5%

(iv) glycerol monostearate marketed under the trademark "Tegin 90" byGoldschmidt 0.25%

Phase B:

(v) titanium oxide marketed under the trademark "MT 100T" by Tayca 20%

(vi) magnesium silicate marketed under the trademark "Talc Luzenac 15M00" by Luzenac 5%

(vii) expanded microspheres of vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer containing isobutane, marketed under thetrademark "Expancel 551 DE" by Nobel Casto 0.5%

(viii) hydrogenated polydecene (MW 549) marketed under the trademark"Silkflo S 366 NF" by Albemarle q.s. 100%

This cream was formulated as follows: phase A was heated to 90° C. tohomogenize same. The pigmented paste was then prepared by mixing thetitanium oxide with the hydrogenated polydecene. Talc was added to thismixture, followed by the Expancel. Phase B thus prepared was heated to90° C. The two phases A and B were then mixed using a Rayneri mixer.Once the mixture set solid, it was heated again to 90° C. The mixturewas then turbine-blended in a Turrax mixer for 10 minutes. The cream wasthen permitted to cool to ambient temperature under Rayneri stirring.

This cream was very slightly subject to photobluing and whitened onlyvery slightly when applied to the skin.

While the invention has been described in terms of various preferredembodiments, the skilled artisan will appreciate that variousmodifications, substitutions, omissions, and changes may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit thereof. Accordingly, it is intended that thescope of the present invention be limited solely by the scope of thefollowing claims, including equivalents thereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for reducing the photobluing effect onskin of a topically applicable cosmetic/sunscreen/dermatologicalcomposition comprising at least one titanium dioxide nanopigment, whichcomprises adding to said composition an effective photobluing reducingamount of deformable, hollow particulates having a particle size rangingfrom 1 to 250 μm and comprising an expanded copolymer of vinylidenechloride, acrylonitrile and a (meth)acrylate.
 2. The method of claim 1,said deformable hollow particulate having a particle size of less than100μ.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said topically applicablecosmetic/sunscreen/dermatological composition comprises deformablehollow particulates having a particle size ranging from 10μto 60μ. 4.The method as defined by claim 1, wherein said topically applicablecosmetic/sunscreen/dermatological composition comprises deformablehollow particulates having a density ranging from 15 kg/m³ to 200 kg/m³.5. The method as defined by claim 4, wherein said topically applicablecosmetic/sunscreen/dermatological composition comprises hollowparticulates having a density ranging from 40 kg/m³ to 100 kg/m³.
 6. Themethod as defined by claim 1, wherein said topically applicablecosmetic/sunscreen/dermatological composition comprises from 0.1% to 10%by weight of said deformable hollow particulates.
 7. The method asdefined by claim 1, wherein said topically applicablecosmetic/sunscreen/dermatological composition comprises from 0.3% to 5%by weight of said deformable hollow particulates.
 8. The method asdefined by claim 1, wherein said topically applicablecosmetic/sunscreen/dermatological composition comprises at least 5% byweight of said at least one titanium dioxide nanopigment.
 9. The methodas defined by claim 8, wherein said topically applicablecosmetic/sunscreen/dermatological composition comprises at least 10% byweight of said at least one titanium dioxide nanopigment.
 10. The methodas defined by claim 9, wherein said topically applicablecosmetic/sunscreen/dermatological composition comprises at least 15% byweight of said at least one titanium dioxide nanopigment.
 11. The methodas defined by claim 1, wherein said cosmetic/sunscreen/dermatologicalcomposition comprises at least one titanium dioxide pigment which istreated with a metal or metal compound selected from the groupconsisting of silica, alumina, an aluminum compound, silicon, sodium, aniron oxide, an iron ester, or stearic acid, or glycerol.
 12. The methodas defined by claim 1, wherein said topically applicablecosmetic/sunscreen/dermatological composition further comprises at leastone other agent selected from the group consisting of a thickener,emulsifying agent, gelling agent, hydrophilic active substance,lipophilic active substance, perfume, preservative, solvent, and acolorant.
 13. The method as defined by claim 1, wherein said topicallyapplicable cosmetic/sunscreen/dermatological composition is in a formselected from the group consisting of an oil-in-water emulsion, awater-in-oil emulsion, a cream, a lotion, a gel, a balm, a milk, ablusher, a fluid or cast foundation, a foam, a spray, and adermopharmaceutical ointment.
 14. The method as claim 1, wherein saidtopically applicable cosmetic/sunscreen/dermatological composition is inthe form of a makeup.
 15. The method as defined by claim 1, wherein saidtopically applicable cosmetic/sunscreen/dermatological compositionfurther comprises at least one oil or wax.
 16. The method as defined byclaim 1, wherein said topically applicablecosmetic/sunscreen/dermatological composition further comprises acosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, diluent or carrier.